The 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) report has revealed that Nigeria’s total fertility rate (TFR) has declined from 5.3 children per woman in 2018 to 4.8 in 2024, marking a significant demographic shift over the past five years.
The Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare, Dr Iziaq Salako, disclosed this in Abuja during the launch of the report.
Mr Salako said the decline reflected gradual gains in access to and use of family planning services nationwide.
“Modern contraceptive use among currently married women increased modestly to 15 per cent in 2023 from 12 per cent in 2018, while satisfied demand for family planning rose to 37 per cent,” he said.
He noted that although the improvements were encouraging, they remained below the levels required to drive rapid social and economic progress.
According to him, antenatal coverage currently stands at 63 per cent, skilled birth attendance at 46 per cent, while postnatal coverage within two days after delivery rose from 38 per cent in 2018 to 42 per cent in 2024.
The minister added that the under-five mortality rate had dropped significantly from 132 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018 to 110 per 1,000 in 2024, while neonatal mortality remained nearly stagnant, rising slightly from 39 to 41 per 1,000 live births within the same period.
“More efforts are required to reduce neonatal deaths, which account for about 40 to 45 per cent of under-five mortality,” he said.
Mr Salako explained that the findings highlighted urgent gaps requiring coordinated responses, noting that the ministry had already begun translating them into policy reforms. He said initiatives such as the Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Reduction Initiative and the Nigerian Child Survivor Act (2023–2025) were designed to tackle context-specific challenges through coordinated interventions.
“This is being done with better health investment targeting, improved coordination, a more efficient planning system, stronger community involvement, and enhanced partnerships.
“However, the utilisation of the 2024 NDHS report to strengthen the health system and drive measurable improvements is the responsibility of all stakeholders,” he said.
The minister added that the data would also guide sub-national governments in identifying geographical areas requiring urgent intervention.
Also speaking, the Chairman of the National Population Commission (NPC), Mr Nasir Kwarra, said the NDHS remained a vital tool for understanding population trends, child and maternal health, nutrition, malaria, HIV, and other development indicators.
“Since its inception in 1990, the NDHS has been a central pillar in Nigeria’s demographic data. The 2024 edition continues this legacy, providing fresh insights at a time when the need for reliable evidence to guide policy has never been greater,” Mr Kwarra said.
He explained that the survey was implemented by the NPC with oversight from the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and support from development partners.
Mr Kwarra added that the success of the exercise demonstrated the power of institutional collaboration and reaffirmed that “data is not merely a technical output but a public good that empowers evidence-based governance.” The World Bank Senior Health Specialist, Ms Ritgak Tilly-Gyado, said the data would support the Bank’s analytical work and policy modelling in key areas such as health, education, and nutrition.
“The NDHS provides critical data points that help us understand what has worked and where further support to the Nigerian government is most needed,” she said.
The 2024 NDHS, the sixth in the series since 1999, was designed to provide reliable data for monitoring population and health indicators in Nigeria.
Its pre-data collection phase ran from August 2022 to November 2023, covering tool development, training, recruitment, pre-testing, and logistics, while fieldwork was conducted across 42,000 households nationwide between December 1, 2023, and May 5, 2024.
